6, 7, 8 As apoptosis has such a major role in glaucoma, its early identification in vivo would be a key goal for biomedical research that will certainly enhance clinical diagnostics and could be an end point for novel neuroprotective strategies. 3 Although apoptosis is a key component of homoeostasis in normal development and aging, its dysregulation is implicated in a vast range of leading ophthalmic and systemic disorders, including age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, cancer, neurodegeneration, and automimmune diseases. 4, 5 Increased RGC apoptosis and axonal loss within the inner retina is the earliest form of cell death in glaucoma, and it directly correlates with clinical severity of the disease. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). 2 It is expected to affect 79.6 million people worldwide by 2020, of which 11.2 million will be bilaterally blind. Clinically, patients classically experience the progressive loss of their peripheral visual field, with eventual complete blindness. 1 The disease's asymptomatic nature impedes any forewarning prior to its disabling progression. Glaucoma, commonly termed the ‘silent thief of sight', is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. This review will illustrate the challenges of imaging RGCs, the main retinal imaging modalities, the in vivo techniques to augment these as specific RGC-imaging tools and their potential for translation to the glaucoma clinic. Although many of these advances have not yet been introduced to the clinical arena, their successes in animal studies are enthralling. It may confirm the presence of healthy RGCs, such as in transgenic models or retrograde labelling, or detect subtle changes in the number of unhealthy or apoptotic RGCs, such as detection of apoptosing retinal cells (DARC). However, an ideal imaging technique to diagnose and monitor glaucoma would image RGCs non-invasively with high specificity and sensitivity in vivo. Recent advances in retinal imaging, including optical coherence tomography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and adaptive optics, have propelled both glaucoma research and clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. To propel the efficacy of therapeutics in glaucoma, an earlier diagnostic tool is required. Current diagnostic tools require significant RGC or functional visual field loss before the threshold for detection of glaucoma may be reached. One of its most devastating features is its late diagnosis and the resulting irreversible visual loss that is often predictable. It is caused by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), predominantly via apoptosis, within the retinal nerve fibre layer and the corresponding loss of axons of the optic nerve head. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and will affect 79.6 million people worldwide by 2020.
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O Du Fröhliche/Echo Carol) * Carol Medley (Hark! The Herald Angels Sing * O Come All Ye Faithful (Adeste Fideles) * The First Noel) * Manger Medley (Away in a Manger (Cradle Song) * Away in a Manger * Silent Night). Coventry Carol (Lullay, Thou Little Tiny Child) * IV. Grinch * Themes from The Nutcracker Suite (Overture * March * Dance of the Sugar-Plum Fairy * Russian Dance (Trepak) * Waltz of the Flowers) * Angels Medley (Angels from the Realms of Glory * Angels We Have Heard on High) * Folk Carol Suite (I. Titles: A Holly Jolly Christmas * Believe (from The Polar Express) * Blue Christmas * Celebration Medley (Hallelujah Chorus * Joy to the World) * Do They Know It's Christmas? (Feed the World) * Feliz Navidad * Frosty the Snowman * Gesu Bambino * Happy Xmas (War Is Over) * Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas * I'll Be Home for Christmas * Infant Holy, Infant Lowly * It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year * Jingle Bell Rock * Jingle Bells * Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow! * The Little Drummer Boy * Lo, How a Rose E'er Blooming * O Christmas Tree (O Tannenbaum) * O Holy Night * Mary Did You Know? * My Grown-Up Christmas List * Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree * Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer * Sleigh Ride * Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town * We Wish You a Merry Christmas * Ukrainian Carol * Winter Wonderland * You're a Mean One, Mr. Let It Snow Merry Christmas, Darling O Come, All Ye Faithful Rockin Around the Christmas Tree Silent Night The Twelve Days of Christmas We. Also included are PDFs of piano accompaniments, and Alfred's Tempo Changer Software. The CD includes a fully orchestrated DEMO track of each song, which features a live instrumental solo performance, followed by a PLAY-ALONG track. ![]() "Celebration Medley" includes the cheerful classics "Hallelujah Chorus" and "Joy to the World." "Manger Medley" incorporates unique arrangements of "Away in a Manger" and "Silent Night." And "Carol Medley" features songs great for caroling, such as "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" and "The First Noel." Suites include "Themes from The Nutcracker Suite," which showcases the famous "Dance of the Sugar-Plum Fairy" and "March" and "Folk Carol Suite," which contains the well-known "Coventry Carol (Lullay, Thou Little Tiny Child)." These suites are especially adaptable, with movements or themes that can be played consecutively, as one large piece, or on their own-each section is conveniently printed on a single page and has its own separate track on the provided MP3 CD. ![]() Popular carols are presented both individually and in medleys and suites. Each book contains carefully edited arrangements appropriate to each instrument, and well suited for level 2-3 students.
We set the initial position of each image group to create our desired initial scene using the transform property. The overflow is hidden, so anything left or right of the container is out of sight. content div is given a position:relative, and the child divs are positioned absolutely to stack them up. Then, we have 3 child divs that contain our image groups. We create a containing div with the content class. You can have some minor differences without it being noticeable, but if something like skyline varies, it appears as a jolt when the animation resets. If you want to create an animation that loops, you should create the first frame and the last frame to be very similar. This means if we want to run the animation in a loop, it will look strange as the train will re-appear on the left as it resets. The train comes into the scene from the left. Our animation is an unique one-time animation. If you want to create a longer animation, you can create wider image groups for more variation. This makes it simpler to make adjustments with the animation later. Use the viewport width as a base unit, so make the image groups a multiple of 200px in this case. My advice is to create groups that are the same width if possible. The train can be positioned completely outside of the viewport if you want. Otherwise we will have a weird blank space. We always want our viewport to have a complete frame of the background and the foreground. Our viewport of the scene is 200px by 200px. To create an animation we must have at least 2 frames for an image group to do anything! So, the image you create must be at least 2 times wider than our intended viewport. This ensures that in our animation, we only need to manipulate the horizontal position of an image group. Make the hills and the train an appropriate size and don’t change it. What should you consider when you prepare the image?īaking in the scale of the elements when you draw the image makes the animation simpler. I will show you this in another example later to highlight the differences between the approaches. Instead of creating separate PNGs, you could create a single SVG with 3 different groups ( g elements), and add it inline into the webpage. We will stick to these 3 groups for simplicity. You could create more groups if you wish to create a more dynamic scene. Jamie created 3 PNGs of 600px by 200px for each of these groups as below. The background is a collection of hills and the sky. Closest to us is the river and the elevated area where the track is on. ![]() ![]() In your graphics editor, you will create a layer for each of these groups, so that they can be referenced in CSS to add an independent animation to each of them.įor our train scene, we are observing the train from across a river. To construct the image(s) for the animation, you must group elements together based on their vicinity (how near or far away they are) to the observer. See the Pen Parallax Animation Deconstructed by Rob ( on CodePen. I have adapted the train orb into a complete example that you can play with to understand how it works behinds the scenes! You can explode the animation to show the individual layers. The codepen animates a travel-related mini-scene when you hover over one of the orbs to give a cool preview. ![]() I will demonstrate the parallax effect with an adapted, deconstructed version of this codepen by Jamie Coulter. So, to give a greater sense of depth to a scene with movement: make things nearby move faster, and things further away move slower. If you look at the ground just a few meters away, it appears to be passing by very fast. If you are travelling in a vehicle and look out the window, the further away something is, the slower it appears to be passing by. If something is further away, it appears to be smaller. Our perception of depth is based on scale, light, and speed. The theory will serve you in adding parallax dynamics to your UI in whatever way you like. I will create a fun animated scene that you can use as a loading animation or as a dynamic hover effect. I’m going to deconstruct how you can create the parallax effect with a very visual, interactive example. It is used mostly to create slick scrolling animations. The parallax effect creates a greater perception of depth, making movement appear more dynamic. ![]() Read on for the lowdown and stay safe, people, stay safe. ![]() We’ve also scoured the web for both professional and user reviews to back up our results. We’ve called in a selection of CO alarms from top-name brands and put them to the test using the simple but effective “incense in a plastic bag” method. Ensure you opt for a reputable brand such as FireAngel, First Alert, Kidde, Nest or Lifesaver. Be aware, though, that not all CO detectors are sensitive enough and some no-name brands are downright useless – and, therefore, dangerous. Thankfully, there's an early-warning solution in the form of a carbon monoxide alarm that costs only a few pounds more than a smoke alarm. Like an invisible ghost in a horror movie, it enters a room, slowly sapping the life out of its occupants without anyone realising. Sadly, this writer has been on the receiving end of this silent killer – I lost a sister-in-law and her three dogs – so I’m doubly mindful of just how horrendously dangerous it can be. Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced during incomplete combustion of fuels, usually because of a faulty appliance such as a gas boiler, gas-powered fireplace, gas cooker, wood burner or blocked coal fire flue. If a fire breaks out while you’re asleep, the smoke it emits will set off the alarm, hopefully giving you time to get out before being asphyxiated by the fire’s deadly concoction of chemical gases.īut there’s another gas that is possibly even more deadly because you can’t see it, smell it or taste it. Everyone knows how important it is to have a smoke alarm in the home. |
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